Thirumogur is mentioned in ancient literatures including Agananooru, Padhitrupathu, Maduraikanchi and Silappadikaram. Inscriptions reveal that a king called Pazhayan built a fort and ruled the region. Ptolemy (c.100–c.170 CE) is said to have mentioned this place in his world map (needs confirmation). Sangam Literatures mentions that this place was prosperous during the time.

Inscriptions from Thirumogur reveal that the builder of the temple was Kaala Maegam alias Kaangaeyan during the reign of Sadaiya Varman Sundhara Pandiyan (Later Pandiya king)in his reign year 7 + 1 (i.e. after the 7th year was over and the eighth year was in progress) which is identified as AD 1259. This inscription besides identifying the above speaks of an endowment of ponds and adjoining areas duly specifying the boundaries of the land. The current structure is believed to have been built by the Madurai Nayaks. During the later part, there were additions made by the Marudu brothers, whose images are also housed in the temple. Thirumohur was an impregnable fort during the period of British. Once during Mughal invasion the troops in search of a king’s representative entered the temple, looted it and went away with the deities. The local warriors are said to have ambushed the troops, fought and retrieved the idols and reinstated them.